YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, IDAHO, MONTANA,WYOMING - USA

POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE VOLCANIC SITUATION ?

One potentially combination of
nature, culture-made change, ground water use way, climate change and man-made eruption.

Report : Léo Dayan & Peggy Zetler

"MI TSI A DA ZI" which means "YELLOW STONE "

In 1872 Yellowstone National Park was established making it the world's first national park. Yellowstone's name is historically credited to the Native Americans who lived in and around the park area. The name is basically derived from the Yellowstone River. The Yellowstone River has high yellow rock cliffs along its banks in the northern area of the present day park. The Native American Minnetaree tribe called the river "Mi tsi a da zi," which means "Rock Yellow River." French fur trappers translated this to "Yellow Rock" or "Yellow Stone." Hence Yellowstone was named.

 

 

Despite more comfortable traveling conditions, Yellowstone remains a place of vast wildness, where nature reigns in all of its beauty and violence and it is also what geologists call a "super volcano".
Fur trappers' fantastic tales of cauldrons of bubbling mud and roaring geysers sending steaming plumes skyward made their way back east. Several expeditions were sent to investigate, opening the West to further exploration and exploitation. In 1871, Ferdinand Hayden led an expedition that helped convince Congress that the area known as Yellowstone needed to be protected and preserved.

 

Yellowstone is a vast natural forest which covers nearly 9,000 sq. km; 96% of the park lies in Wyoming, 3% in Montana and 1% in Idaho. But Yellowstone is equally half of all the world's known geothermal features, with more than 10,000 examples. It also contains more than 300 gesyers : it is the world's largest concentration of geysers, 2/3 of all those on the planet.

There are massive calderas of molten fire beneath Yellowstone National Park. Geologists are saying that every living thing within six hundred miles could be affected in devastation. It could produce an ash cloud that will cover the entire western U.S. clear to the Pacific on the west, British Columbia on the north, the Mexican border on the south and then out into the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas on the east. Then the cloud could blow east because of the prevailing winds, literally covering the entire nation with volcanic ash. The eruption dwarfed that of Mt. St. Helens in 1980 and left a caldera 30 miles wide by 45 miles long.
That climactic event occurred about 640,000 years ago, and was one of many processes that shaped Yellowstone National Park- "a region once rumored to be "the place where hell bubbles up." Geothermal wonders, such as Old Faithful, are evidence of one of the world's largest active volcanoes.

WATER IS STRUCTURE ... AGRIBUSINESS PUNCHES HUGE !

Peggy Zetler, Dillon-Montana, USA
Léo Dayan - University of Paris I Pantheon- Sorbonne, France

 

On March 10, 2004, Yellowstone Park biologists discovered 5 dead bison along the Gibbon River near Norris geyser basin. Norris is the hottest and most seismically active geyser basin in Yellowstone.The bison appear to have died because inhalation of gases, CO2 and H2S, due to a rare combination of unspecified events.
A reconnaissance of gases will be undertaken in the entire Norris area. Both air and vent samples will be taken. All vent samples will include temperature measurements and a digital photograph, a hand-held CO2 measuring unit will be used to complete a reconnaissance of CO2 gas.

Without transparency through official information, part of America's Yellowstone National Park has been closed to visitors nearly half of the basin's trails from July 23 to October 10, 2003, due to excess ground temperatures, the deformation of the land and increased thermal activity in the park. In a few days in July, acidic ground water dissolved parts of the unpaved trails in the Norris Geyser Basin, and the ground temperature of the trails shot up to 200 degrees Fahrenheit from the usual maximum of 80.


The water in us (78% of our body is water) and the huge percentage that is the structure of the earth are being effected now with pole shifts, the magnetic pull of the moon AND by man made effects from deep aquafer wells. Agribusiness punches huge, deep wells into the belly of the earth to irrigate at very low efficencies but in continued drout, anything will do. This sucking is disrupting the park and the earths structure. This is our theory as we have found no reference to this in any geological or scientific writings. Too, Beaverhead county, the 4th largest in the US and where Dillon is the county seat, is the worst of the US counties for continued drout...the worst. Resevors have no water and it is spring run off time. Severe drought conditions have been present over large areas of Montana for four or more consecutive years. Long-term drought impacts, including low soil moisture, reservoir storage, groundwater, and forest fuel moisture levels, continue to exist in areas where shortterm relief may be present or develop.All around hier, from the tops of three mountain ranges to their other sides got good moisutre this winter though very warm weather is melting it off way too fast.

 

Montana - Natural Ressource Information System - http://water.usgs.gov

 

Montana's land area consists of 145,388 square miles - 93 million acres - of rugged mountains, deep valleys, and wide open plains. Montana is the fourth largest state in land area in the country.
Montana has much mineral wealth which along with farming produce an economy based on primary products. Montana's 59.7 million acres of farmland ranks second in the nation. The average size of Montana's 22,000 farms is 2,714 acres. These farms make up 62 percent of the state's total land. Of this, 66 percent of this land is rangeland and pasture, 29.3 percent is cropland, and 3.3 percent is woodland.Crops accounted for 52.2% of the value of Montana's agriculture products. Wheat is the largest crop.
Ground water is an important resource in Montana and it will become more important in the future as the state's population continues to grow and as the development of industries keeping the same classic technological trajectories. Ground water provides approximately 94 percent of Montana's rural domestic-water supply and 39 percent of the public-water supply. Every day approximately 90 million gallons of ground water are used for irrigation, 16 million gallons are used to supply water for livestock, and 20 million gallons per day are used to support industry. Concerning ground-water use in the United States, eighty-one percent of community water systems are dependent on ground water and irrigation accounts for approximately 64% of national ground water withdrawals. States with the largest surface-water withdrawals were California, which had large withdrawals for irrigation and thermoelectric power, and Texas, which had large withdrawals for thermoelectric power.

It is difficult to improve the water use of farming systems based on annual crops and pastures. Some improvements have been observed under best management practice, but these contribute little to reducing leakage into the ground water. There seems little doubt that we must work towards farming systems based on perennial plants. This will require profound change in land use, farming system and even lifestyle of farming communities.
The concept that farming systems should mimic natural ecosystems must be advocated. The way natural systems capture and distribute resources, especially water, could be applied to agricultural systems, but we must go further however, functional mimicry will only be realized when the leaf area index of perennial plants in agroecosystems approaches that of natural ecosystems.

Anyway, being on the 49th paralell and this somehow has something to do with it but again, We have an inkling that says, like radiant floor heat, the park is leaking and heating us up in an unusual way to where we get little ground freesing anymore but also higher temperatures than our neighbors. Anyway, this radiant hot water floor heat theory is another no one but us seems to relate to any of the changes.

 

 

EVERYWHERE IN THE WORLD

 

 

 

 

PRODUCTIVIST AGRIBUSINESS PUNCHES HUGE

 

   

POTENTIAL YELLOWSTONE ERUPTION, NATIVE POPULATION LIFE
AND CULTURAL REPRESENTATIONS.

A MESSAGE TO ALL PEACEMAKERS. Nov 18, 2003
by Bennie Le Beau, Eastern Shoshone, Wind River Reservation, Wyoming Member of the Council of Spiritual Elders of Mother Earth.

(...)
I am Bennie LeBeau from the Eastern Shoshone Nation in Wyoming. I am also a member of the Council of The Spiritual Elders of Mother Earth.
I believe many of you may remember what we are representing as Eastern Shoshone peoples in the Grand Teton and the Yellowstone National Parks. This is part of our original homelands written in our treaty as a sovereign country and that our cultural traditions would not be forgotten in order to utilize these sacred sites areas. Since September of 1999, we have been attempting to gain permission for our most sacred ceremony the Sundance and other ceremonies to be allowed in the Grand Tetons and Yellowstone Park, along with many other Indigenous Nations of this country. The park officials and the general public are beginning to see the significance of why it is needed. Now it is most evident because of the seismic volcanic activity in and around the Grand Teton and the Yellowstone National Parks. What we have helped escalate as humans is the disturbance to the web of life on earth in these sacred site areas. Remembering the words from the past by a powerful messenger, Chief Seattle stated, "Whatever befalls the earth, befalls the sons of earth...the earth does not belong to man, man belongs to the earth...all things are connected...man did not weave the web of life; he is merely a strand in it...whatever he does to the web, he does to himself."

On October 22, 2003 a message stated in July that the Yellowstone Park rangers closed the entire Norris Geyer Basin because of the deformation of the land and the excess temperature. There is an area there that is 28 miles long and 7 miles wide that has bulged upward over five inches since 1996. This year the ground temperature on that budge has reached over 200 degrees. There was no choice but to close off the whole area. Everything in that area is dying. The trees, flowers, and grasses resemble a dead zone and are spreading outward. The animals are literally migrating out of the park. This isn't hearsay. It is coming from people who have actually visited the park in the last few weeks. The later part of July, one of the park geologists discovered a huge bulge at the bottom of Yellowstone Lake. The bulge has already risen over 100 feet from the bottom of the lake. The water temperature at the surface of the bulge has reached 88 degrees and is still rising.

Keep in mind that Yellowstone Lake is a high mountain lake with a very cold-water temperature. The lake is now closed to the public. It is filled with dead fish floating everywhere. The same is true of the Yellowstone River and most of the steams in the park. Dead and dying fish are filling the water everywhere. Many picnic areas in the park have been closed and people that are visiting the park don't stay but a few hours or a day or two and leave. The stench of sulfur is so strong that they literally can't stand the smell. Yellowstone is what geologists call a "super volcano". There are massive calderas of molten fire beneath Yellowstone National Park. Geologists are saying that every living thing within six hundred miles could be affected in devastation. It could produce an ash cloud that will cover the entire western U.S. clear to the Pacific on the west, British Columbia on the north, the Mexican border on the south, and then out into the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas on the east. Then the cloud could blow east because of the prevailing winds, literally covering the entire nation with volcanic ash.

I believe this to be of great importance to us at this time. The vision is to pray for balance in this area. With our prayers, songs, drums and the ways that we have been instructed in our spiritual teachings, no matter what culture you/we are our hearts make the difference.

If Yellowstone National Park seismic activity continues then we could all be affected around the earth.. The reports on the seismic activity speak for themselves. The 100 years of government management in the Yellowstone and The Grand Tetons have disallowed our most important prayers and ceremonies to exist as all indigenous tribes in this country. It is now time for us to act as a nation/world within all countries to allow these sacred prayers and ceremonies into the National Parks of Wyoming. Joseph (Hinmaton Yalatkit) 1830-1904, Nez Perce Chief, said, "When ever the white man treats the Indian as they treat each other, then we will have no more wars. We shall all be alike-brothers of one father and one mother, with one sky above us and one county around us, and one government for all."

Uniting our tribes of all cultures from the peaks in the Grand Tetons and Yellowstone I send a strong-hearted message to you to awaken and respond now.These sacred site areas are calling out to her caretakers all over the world. Now is the time for uniting together and working in harmony. Together our songs, our drums and our prayers speak the ancient language that exits and are remembered in the sacred pictures written on the rocks, in the sacred heartbeat of the land and in the sacred songs heard in the wind.

We can bring balance and harmony back to the land remembered by our ancestors of the past, present and future generations.Our mother is calling out to her caretakers. This is a great opportunity for prayer work in our councils and other groups helping bring the indigenous nations together and with all nations as well.Yellowstone National Park representative, Rosemary Sucec, has received this message. She is one of the liaison officers that relay messages to the superintendents and other agencies in the parks. She is very interested in bringing indigenous nations and others to do our work there. This Native American perspective has been explained to groups that were from many indigenous nations and other cultures that attended the Lewis and Clark Celebration for Sacagawea's leadership role last May 2003, by others and myself. Because of the reports of Yellowstone's disturbances at this time and its significance they are NOW considering the outcome of our ancestral lands and usage in a decision by the Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks Superintendents.

Today the spirits are calling for good medicine, for us all to awaken with many blessings for all the things we are related to in harmony and balance. We are returning to the sacredness for all living things, for the future of our Mother Earth as part of Creator's creation and within the heavens sacredness, she is helping to bless us all. This is a very important time in our Mother Earth's history for humanities sake. Every thing is related within and upon, what is above is below, heaven upon earth. Chief Seattle's words, "When the last Redman has vanished from the earth and the memory is only a shadow of a cloud moving across the prairie, these shores and forests will still hold the spirits of my people." We have not vanished but have been reborn to do the work our ancestors did; it is time to step into the moccasins of our ancestors with the wisdom, strength and knowledge at hand. ( http://mytwobeadsworth.com/Contents.html )

 

 

YELLOWSTONE SUPER VOLCANO UPDATE.
by Dr. Bruce Cornet, Prof. Geology and Botany,
Raritan Valley Community College Somerville, NJ, USA.
Sept. 15, 2003

Mt. Sheriden has been rumbling (15+ micro-quakes) between 1:00 pm and now (9/7/03). There were three small earthquakes at Yellowstone lake between 10:00 am and 1:00 pm MT (9/7/03), which were felt at Norris Junction. There were some small quakes between Midnight and 6:00 am (9/7/03) at Norris Junction. There was a whole string of micro-quakes (25 or more) at Madison River between 6:00 am and now, which are continuing. There have been sporadic micro-quakes (32+) all day at Mammoth Hot Springs. Micro-quakes started around Noon and have continued to the present at Mirror Lake Plateau. All in all, activity is picking up from a lull for about two weeks, before which a series of small and large quakes (including a 4.4) occurred. That quake prompted the web report.Steam pressure is apparently building again, and hydrothermal fluids and steam are working their way up through fractures and vents. I do not expect anything unusual or extreme to happen in the immediate future, but if the trend continues, and the number of earthquakes gradually increase with time, more warnings from geologists will ensue.
What you should be alert to is any report that mentions increasing geyser activity, with new fumaroles and steam vents appearing near or on top of the rising dome. The dome has risen about three feet in the past few years, and magma has risen to within 3.7 km of the surface based on quake data. Earthquake loci measured to within 0.5 km under Mt. St. Helens, and people still didn't think it would erupt.
But everything has to be scaled up for Yellowstone, meaning that 3.7 km is not a safe depth. Ground temperatures in the northwestern part of the park are apparently on the rise (up to 200 dg F in some places), killing the vegetation. Large areas of the park are now closed, including areas with geysers, because their water temperature is now scalding and dangerous for visitors. If more steam vents appear, that means a continuous pathway for pressure release has been established to the magma chamber. If that happens, the pressure in the magma chamber will continue to drop until it reaches a critical stage when the superheated water within the magma explodes. When that happens the super-volcano will blow violently, blowing out a chunk of its cap-rock and sending millions of cubic feet of ash into the atmosphere in a Pompeii-like explosion, but 100,000 times worse.
When you hear those reports, you will have about two days to "get out of Dodge" before the eruption. Unfortunately, as the steam venting subsides, there will be a false sense of security. People will think it was just another cyclical event, and the danger is over. But that will be the farthest from the truth. It will be the quiet before the storm. A major earthquake will suddenly rock their towns for hundreds of kilometers around Yellowstone, and soon thereafter 1,000+ degree pyroclastic flows will descend on them at hundreds of miles per hour, extending out to 600+ km.
That 600 km radius around the caldera will experience total devastation. The next 600 km out may receive as much as 5-10 feet of ash, depending on wind direction. The thickness of ash will decrease away from the super-volcano, but will reach the crop belt in the Midwest (Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, etc.), destroying most of the fertile croplands of the United States. California will be hit hard by falling ash, with its central wine valley severely damaged (the French will love it). Agriculture will have to shift east of the Mississippi for years. The Garden State will once again live up to its name.
In northern Idaho you will have to contend with several feet of ash and isolation. Roads will be closed. Power will be out. Phones will be out. Communication will depend on Ham radios and local stations that have generators. Rescue will take weeks or months. Some areas will never see rescue teams. The survivalists will be best prepared to make it through the difficult months following the eruption. Make new friends. Have plenty of dust masks on hand, because you cannot breath any airborne ash if you want to avoid lung disease. It's what caused mass kills of plains animals 12 million years ago, resulting in extensive bone beds beneath the ash. Drinkable water will sell at the price of gold.
To recap, I don't expect anything to happen in the near future. But with such an unpredictable event, being prepared is your best ticket to survival." ( http://www.rense.com/general41/yellowstoneupdate.htm )

SUPERVOLCANOES COULD TRIGGER GLOBAL FREEZE
BBC news, environment correspondent, Alex Kirby
February 3, 2000

The threat of climate change caused by human activity could turn out to be a minor problem by comparison with a scarcely acknowledged natural hazard. Geologists say there is a real risk that sooner or later a supervolcano will erupt with devastating force, sending temperatures plunging on a hemispheric or even global scale. A report by the BBC Two programme Horizon on one supervolcano, at Yellowstone national park in the US, says it is overdue for an eruption. Yellowstone has gone off roughly once every 600,000 years. Its last eruption was 640,000 years ago. (...) "When a supervolcano goes off, it is an order of magnitude greater than a normal eruption. It produces energy equivalent to an impact with a comet or an asteroid. "You can try diverting an asteroid. But there is nothing at all you can do about a supervolcano. "The eruption throws cubic kilometres of rock, ash, dust, sulphur dioxide and so on into the upper atmosphere, where they reflect incoming solar radiation, forcing down temperatures on the Earth's surface. It's just like a nuclear winter. "The effects could last four or five years, with crops failing and the whole ecosystem breaking down. And it is going to happen again some day. (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/628515.stm )

YELLOWSTONE SUPERVOLCANO GETTING READY TO BLOW ITS CORK ?

YELLOWSTONE WILL BLOW AGAIN - NO TELLING WHEN
The Kansas City Star, Scott Canon, Oct. 07, 2003

When European settlers wandered upon this otherworld of gurgling mud pits and angry geysers, they described it as a place where hell bubbled up." They didn't guess, as geologists believe now, that three times in the last 2 million or so years, hell blasted the earth's crust here with a fury that can barely be imagined. Most recently, some 640,000 years ago, Yellowstone's rage toppled mountainsides, changed the course of rivers and sprayed ash ankle deep over all of what is now the Western United States. So there's understandable interest in whether it might blow again. And when. Fresh high-technology studies of the underground cauldron -- and discovery of a bulge on the floor of Yellowstone Lake -- show anew the region as geology-in-the-making. There's evidence that the bulge - described by one scientist as an "inflated plain" - might be throbbing from the pressure that pushed it up in the first place. That detection has scientists captivated, not frightened, even as it fills amateur geologists with dread. Those laymen worry that the pressure cooker of Yellowstone is set to burst. Even smaller blasts - say the size of Mount St. Helens - that come about every 20,000 years or so can rearrange Yellowstone's scenery. The most recent of those was 70,000 years ago. Some urge government engineers to gradually vent steam and magma by drilling, rather than wait for a seemingly imminent, giant and calamitous blast. "If nothing is done there will be an unimaginable disaster," went discussion at one Internet discussion site. But nobody even seems to be thinking about it." But the geologists who explore the caldera -- the collapsed supervolcano that is Yellowstone -- share neither such alarmist doom nor faith in methods for taming the forces boiling underground. For starters, drilling here would spoil the natural setting of the world's first national park in 1872, said park geologist Hank Heasler. What's more, he said, it would do no good. The magma chamber miles below the park is mostly like a harened sponge and is essentially self-sealing. "Besides, it's too big," he said, noting the caldera measures 35 miles by 45 miles. "We're on the skin of the apple. We can leave little bruises, but we can't affect the flavor of the fruit." Discovery of the bulge Government and university scientists dismiss new-born worries about Yellowstone, about the bulge beneath the lake, and about recent changes at the park's Norris geyser basin. Mostly, they marvel at their out-sized laboratory. They point out that, literally, the landscape of Yellowstone is always shifting. Last year, typical for the era when such measurements have been made, there were about 2,300 earthquakes in the park. "Geologists usually look at something that formed millions of years ago and is now dead," said Lisa Morgan, a U.S. Geological Survey geologist. "But in Yellowstone, it's something that's happening right now." The bulge, discovered with newly employed high-tech gadgetry and techniques led by Morgan last year, might be relatively new. Or, she said, it could have formed millennia ago. "I don't know whether this thing is active now in terms of inflation or not," Morgan said. (...) Bob Smith, a geophysics professor at the University of Utah, has been studying what he calls the living caldera" of Yellowstone for decades. He noted that there have been no unusual seismic activities at the park this year that might precede bigger trouble . "These things don't go like clockwork," said Smith, author of Windows into the Earth: The Geologic Story of Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. "The hazard ...is almost too small to calculate." (http://www.kansascity.com/mld/kansascitystar/ )

THE YELLOWSTONE PLATEAU VOLCANIC FIELD : VOLCANIC HISTORY



http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/2003norris.html

For more details :

Natural Heritage Network

Science for a changing world

Yellowstone Volcano Observatory - The University of Utah

National Park Service. US Department of Interior

Sustainable Development                      Imaginary of Sustainability
Desirable Development                          The Sustainability of Imaginary

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